light valve to guide the light, optical valve system and optical viewfinder

专利摘要:
LIGHT VALVE FOR GUIDING LIGHT, OPTICAL VALVE SYSTEM AND OPTICAL VIEWER This is an optical valve or light valve to provide large area collimated illumination from light sources, location and the system and method of the same for 2D, 3D and / or auto-stereoscopic virosis. An optical valve can include a stepped structure, in which the steps include separate extraction features that can be optically hidden from the light that travels in a first direction. Light that travels in a second direction can be refracted, diffracted, or reflected by the resources to provide beams of light coming out of the top surface of the optical valve. Such controlled lighting calls for providing effective multi-user auto-stereoscopic displays as well as improved 2D display functionality.
公开号:BR112013011777B1
申请号:R112013011777-0
申请日:2011-11-18
公开日:2021-01-19
发明作者:Michael G. Robinson；Graham John Woodgate；Jonathan Harrold
申请人:Reald Spark, Llc；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

TECHNICAL FIELD
This disclosure generally refers to the lighting of light modulating devices and more specifically it refers to light guides to provide large area directed illumination from localized light sources for use in 2D, 3D display devices, and / or auto-stereoscopic. BACKGROUND
Spatially multiplexed auto-stereoscopic displays typically align a parallax component such as a lenticular screen or parallax barrier with an array of images arranged as a first and a second set of pixels in a spatial light modulator. The parallax component directs the light from each of the sets of pixels in respective different directions to provide the first and second viewing windows in front of the display. An observer with an eye placed on the first viewing window can see a first image with the light from the first set of pixels and with an eye placed on the second viewing window can see a second image with the light from the second set of pixels.
These displays reduced the spatial resolution compared to the native resolution of the spatial light modulator and, in addition, the structure of the viewing windows is determined by the function of parallax component imaging and pixel aperture format. Gaps between pixels, for example, for electrodes typically produce non-uniform viewing windows. Undesirably, such displays display an image flicker as an observer moves laterally in relation to the display and thus limit the viewing freedom of the display. Such flicker can be reduced by defocusing the optical elements; however, such a blur results in increased levels of image overlap and increases visual tension for an observer. Such flicker can be reduced by adjusting the shape of the pixel aperture, however, such changes can reduce the brightness of the display and may include addressing electronics in the spatial light modulator. BRIEF SUMMARY
According to the present disclosure, a method of guiding light by employing an optical valve can allow the rays of light to propagate in a first direction through the optical valve and the light can propagate in the first direction with substantially less loss. In addition, the optical valve can allow the light rays to interact with an end surface of the optical valve and can also allow the light rays to propagate in a second direction through the optical valve and while propagating in the second direction, at least some of the light rays can find at least one extraction feature and can be extracted from the optical valve.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a light valve to guide the light can include a first light guide surface, wherein the first light guide surface is substantially flat and a second light guide surface that can be opposite the first light guide surface and may additionally include a plurality of guide resources and a plurality of extraction resources. The extraction resources and the guide resources can be connected to each other and alternate with each other respectively, and the plurality of extraction resources can allow light to pass with substantially less loss when the light is spreading in a first direction and can allow the light to reflect and exit the light valve when the light is spreading in a second direction.
According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, an optical valve system can include a plurality of lighting elements at least operatively coupled to a first end of an optical valve and wherein the optical valve can include a first light-guiding surface that it can be substantially flat. The optical valve can also include a second light guide surface, opposite the first light guide surface and can include a plurality of guide resources and a plurality of extraction resources. The extraction resources and the guide resources can be connected to each other and switched between them. Extraction features can allow light to pass with substantially less loss when light is spreading in a first direction and can allow light to reflect and exit the light valve when light is spreading in a second direction.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an optical valve can include an intake side that can be located in a first
end of an optical valve, a reflecting side that can be located on a second end of the optical valve and a first side of directing light and a second side of directing light that can be located between the intake side and the reflecting side of optical valve. The second side of directing light can include a plurality of guide resources and a plurality of extraction resources. The plurality of guide resources can connect the respective extraction resources.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a directional display system can include an illuminating arrangement that can provide rays of light to an optical valve. The optical valve can include a first light guide surface of the optical valve and wherein the first light guide surface can be substantially flat. The optical valve may also include a second light guide surface of the optical valve, opposite the first light guide surface and may include a plurality of guide resources and a plurality of extraction resources. The plurality of extraction resources can include a first region and a second region. The extraction features of the first and second regions can have respective orientations such that at least some of the light rays from a first illuminator can be directed to a first viewing window outside the optical valve and at least some of the light rays second can be directed to a second viewing window different from the first viewing window outside the optical valve.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a self-stereoscopic observer tracking display may include an optical valve, an arrangement of lighting elements that can provide light to the optical valve and a sensor to detect an observer in the vicinity of the viewing windows of the optical valve and an illuminator controller to determine a setting for the arrangement of lighting elements, where the setting can determine a first lighting stage for a first set of lighting elements that can correspond to a first viewing window and the setting can determine a second lighting stage for a second set of lighting elements that can correspond to a second viewing window.
Generally, a light valve or optical valve can provide large area illumination from localized light sources. The terms light valve and optical valve can be used interchangeably in this document. An optical valve can be a waveguide in an example and can include a stepped structure, in which the steps can be extraction features that can be effectively hidden optically from the guided light that may be propagating in a first direction. The returning light that may be spreading in a second direction can be refracted, diffracted or reflected by the resources to provide illumination that can come out from the top surface of the optical valve. Such controlled lighting can provide effective multi-user auto-stereoscopic displays as well as improved 2D display functionality.
These and other advantages and resources of the present revelation will become apparent to those skilled in the art by reading this revelation in its entirety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The modalities are illustrated by way of example in the accompanying figures, in which equal reference numbers indicate similar parts and in which: Figure IA is a schematic diagram showing a top view of a conventional waveguide backlight illuminator; Figure 1B is a schematic diagram showing a side view of a conventional waveguide backlight illuminator of Figure IA; Figure 2A is a schematic diagram showing a top view of a known auto-stereoscopic viewfinder; Figure 2B is a schematic diagram showing a side view of an auto-stereoscopic viewfinder in Figure 2A; Figure 3A is a schematic diagram showing a top view of a known wedge light guide structure; Figure 3B is a schematic diagram showing a side view of a wedge light guide structure of Figure 3A; Figure 4A is a schematic diagram showing a top view of an optical valve, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 4B is a schematic diagram showing a side view of the optical valve structure of Figure 5A, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 5A is a schematic diagram showing a top view of an optical valve structure that illustrates a targeted emission in the yz plane, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 5B is a schematic diagram showing a first side view of the optical valve structure of Figure 5A, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 5C is a schematic diagram showing a second side view of the optical valve structure of Figure 5A, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram that illustrates in cross section an optical valve, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 7A is a schematic diagram illustrating in schematic plan view an optical valve that can be illuminated by a first lighting element and including curved light extraction features, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 7B is a schematic diagram showing in schematic plan view an optical valve that can be illuminated by a second lighting element, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 7C is a schematic diagram illustrating in schematic plan view an optical valve which may include illuminated linear light extraction facilities, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a self-stereoscopic display device using the optical valve, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical valve that includes a flat reflecting side, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 10A is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical valve that includes a Fresnel lens, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 10B is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical valve that includes another Fresnel lens, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 10C is a schematic diagram illustrating an additional optical valve that includes another Fresnel lens, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical valve with a Fresnel equivalent reflection surface, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical valve that includes a vertical diffuser, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 13 is a schematic diagram that illustrates in cross section a self-stereoscopic display, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical valve that includes separate elongated light extraction features, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross section of an optical valve that includes light extraction features with variable slope and height, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 16A is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross section of an optical valve that includes light extraction features with multiple reflection facets for the light extraction features, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 16B is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross section of an optical valve that includes light extraction features with convex facets for the light extraction features, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 16C is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross section of an optical valve that includes light extraction features with convex and concave facets for the light extraction features, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 16D is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross section of an optical valve that includes light extraction features with irregular facets for the light extraction features, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 16E is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross section of an optical valve that includes light extraction features arranged to provide limited scattering in the imaging direction, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 17 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of an optical valve of varying lateral thickness, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating a plan view of a directional viewfinder that includes an optical valve with a plurality of separate light extraction features arranged to provide a reduction in the Moiré pattern (with ripples), in accordance with the present revelation; Figure 19 is a schematic diagram that illustrates options for the flat reflective side, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 20 is a schematic diagram that illustrates radius paths in an optical valve, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 21 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical valve that includes an additional tilt between the first side of light directing and the guide features of the second side of light directing, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 22 is a schematic diagram that illustrates in cross section the rays of light in an optical valve with substantially parallel sides, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 23 is a schematic diagram that shows in cross-section the rays of light a tapered optical valve, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 24 is a schematic diagram illustrating an auto-stereoscopic viewer in which light extraction can be achieved by refraction in the light extraction capabilities of the optical valve, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 25 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical valve that includes an air cavity, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 26A is a schematic diagram showing a top view of an optical valve structure, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 26B is a schematic diagram showing a side view of the optical valve structure of Figure 26A, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 27 is a graph that illustrates extraction resource curves for different displacements x, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 28 is a graph illustrating the angle of inclination away from the geometric axis z of the reflective facet of the extraction feature as a function of the y position along a feature, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 29 illustrates the spread of diverging light from a flat end surface, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 30A is a graph illustrating extraction curves and facet angles for a divergent optical valve with a flat top surface, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 30B is a graph illustrating extraction curves and facet angles for a divergent optical valve with a flat top surface, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of a stereoscopic viewer modality that illustrates how the images of the right and left eye are displayed in synchronization with the first and second light sources respectively, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 32 is a schematic diagram of a display mode that illustrates how images can be selectively presented to one user, although not presented to others, in accordance with the present disclosure; Figure 33 is a schematic diagram illustrating how the device and head or eye position detected by an on-board device can provide admissions to a control system that substantially and automatically synchronizes the display of left and right eye images on an auto-stereoscopic viewfinder , in accordance with the present disclosure; e Figure 34 is a schematic diagram showing how stereoscopic visualization of multiple viewers can be provided with the use of detectors to locate the eye position and thereby synchronize lighting LEDs for the left and right eye views, in accordance with the present revelation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Generally, in the present disclosure, a method of guiding light by employing an optical valve can allow rays of light to propagate in a first direction through the optical valve and the light can propagate in the first direction with substantially less loss. In addition, the optical valve can allow the light rays to interact with an end surface of the optical valve and can also allow the light rays to propagate in a second direction through the optical valve and while propagating in the second direction, at least some of the light rays can find at least one extraction feature and can be extracted from the optical valve.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a light valve to guide the light can include a first light guide surface, wherein the first light guide surface is substantially flat and a second light guide surface that can be opposite the first light guide surface and may additionally include a plurality of guide resources and a plurality of extraction resources. The extraction resources and the guide resources can be connected to each other and alternate with each other respectively, and the plurality of extraction resources can allow light to pass with substantially less loss when the light is spreading in a first direction and can allow the light to reflect and exit the light valve when the light is spreading in a second direction.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the present disclosure, an optical valve system can include a plurality of lighting elements at least operatively coupled to a first end of an optical valve and wherein the optical valve can include a first light-guiding surface that it can be substantially flat. The optical valve can also include a second light guide surface, opposite the first light guide surface and can include a plurality of guide resources and a plurality of extraction resources. The extraction resources and the guide resources can be connected to each other and switched between them. Extraction features can allow light to pass with substantially less loss when light is spreading in a first direction and can allow light to reflect and exit the light valve when light is spreading in a second direction.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an optical valve can include an intake side that can be located at a first end of an optical valve, a reflector side that can be located at a second end of the optical valve and a first side of light steering and a second light steering side that can be located between the intake side and the reflective side of the optical valve. The second side of directing light can include a plurality of guide resources and a plurality of extraction resources. The plurality of guide resources can connect the respective extraction resources.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a directional display system can include an illuminating arrangement that can provide rays of light to an optical valve. The optical valve can include a first light guide surface of the optical valve and wherein the first light guide surface can be substantially flat. The optical valve may also include a second light guide surface of the optical valve, opposite the first light guide surface and may include a plurality of guide resources and a plurality of extraction resources. The plurality of extraction resources can include a first region and a second region. The extraction features of the first and second regions can have respective orientations such that at least some of the light rays from a first illuminator can be directed to a first viewing window outside the optical valve and at least some of the light rays second can be directed to a second viewing window different from the first viewing window outside the optical valve.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a self-stereoscopic observer tracking display may include an optical valve, an arrangement of lighting elements that can provide light to the optical valve and a sensor to detect an observer in the vicinity of the viewing windows. of the optical valve and an illuminator controller to determine a definition for the arrangement of lighting elements, where the definition can determine a first stage of illumination for a first set of illuminating elements that can correspond to a first viewing window and the definition it can determine a second stage of lighting for a second set of illuminating elements that can correspond to a second viewing window.
Generally, a light valve or optical valve can provide large area illumination from localized light sources. The terms light valve and optical valve can be used interchangeably in this document. An Optical valve can be a waveguide in an example and can include a stepped structure, in which the steps can be extraction features that can be effectively hidden optically from the guided light that may be propagating in a first direction. The returning light that may be spreading in a second direction can be refracted, diffracted or reflected by the resources to provide illumination that can come out from the top surface of the optical valve. Such controlled lighting can provide effective multi-user auto-stereoscopic displays as well as improved 2D display functionality.
Generally, an optical valve can be an optical structure or any type of optical device that can guide and / or direct light. The light can be propagated within the optical valve in a first direction from an intake side to a reflecting side and can be transmitted substantially without loss. The light can be reflected on the reflecting side and can propagate in a second direction substantially opposite to the first direction. As the light travels in the second direction, the light can be incident on light extraction features that can extract or redirect the light outside the optical valve. In other words, the optical valve can allow light to propagate in the first direction and can allow light to be extracted while propagating in the second direction.
In one embodiment, the optical valve can function as an optical valve directional backlight and can achieve time sequential directional illumination of large display areas. Time-multiplexed self-stereoscopic displays can advantageously improve the spatial resolution of the self-stereoscopic display by directing light from substantially all pixels of a space light modulator to a first viewing window in a first time slot and substantially all pixels to a second window of viewing in a second time slot. Thus, an observer with eyes willing to receive light in the first and second viewing windows can see a full resolution image across the entire view over multiple time slots. Time multiplexed displays can achieve directional illumination by directing an illuminating arrangement through a substantially transparent time multiplexed space light modulator using directional optical elements, where directional optics substantially form an image of the illuminating arrangement in the plane window. In addition, the uniformity of the viewing windows can advantageously be independent of the arrangement of the pixels in the spatial light modulator. Advantageously, such displays can provide observer tracking displays that have low jitter, with low levels of overlap for a mobile observer.
To achieve high uniformity in the window plane it may be desirable to provide an arrangement of lighting elements that have a high spatial uniformity. The illuminating elements of the time sequential lighting system can be provided, for example, by pixels of a spatial light modulator with the size of approximately 100 micrometers in combination with a lens array. However, such pixels may suffer from the same difficulties as for spatially multiplexed displays. In addition, such devices may have low efficacy and higher cost, requiring additional display components.
The uniformity of the high window plane can be achieved conveniently with macroscopic illuminators, for example, optical elements that can be approximately 1 mm or more. However, the increased size of the illuminating elements may mean that the size of the directional optical elements can increase proportionally. For example, a wide illuminator of approximately 16 mm imaged with a wide viewing window of approximately 65 mm can result in a further working distance of approximately 200 mm. Thus, the increased thickness of the optical elements can prevent useful application, for example, to mobile displays or large area displays.
In addition, optical elements can be employed that are thinner than the posterior working distance of the optical elements to direct the light from macroscopic illuminators to a window plane. This can be discussed in relation to an optical valve illuminator which can relate to the thickness of the optical valve in the z direction and which can be in the approximate range of 0.1 mm to 25 mm. Such displays can use an array of facets configured to extract light that travels in a second direction on a substantially parallel optical valve.
The modalities in this document can provide a self-stereoscopic viewfinder with large area and fine structure. In addition, as will be described, the optical valves of the present disclosure can reach thin optical components with great return working distances. Such components can be used in directional backlights to provide directional displays including auto-stereoscopic displays. In addition, a modality can provide a controlled illuminator for the purposes of an effective auto-stereoscopic viewfinder. In addition, a modality can refer to a directional backlight device and a directional display that can incorporate the directional backlight device. Such a device can be used for auto-stereoscopic displays, privacy displays and other directional display applications.
In one embodiment, the optical function of the directional backlight can be provided by non-linear light extraction capabilities that can be integrated into the optical valve structure, reducing cost and complexity. A combination of optical functions can be advantageously provided in the extraction capabilities to reduce the amount of additional optical films that can be employed to provide viewing windows from the lighting structure. The uniformity of the display illumination can be increased compared to linear extraction features. In addition, the arching of the edge reflectors can be reduced so that the bevel size of the directional backlight can be reduced, improving the visual appearance of the bevel. Advantageously, the Moiré pattern between the directional backlight and the panel can be reduced. In addition, display aberrations can be optimized for a range of viewing positions to increase viewing freedom.
It should be noted that the modalities of the present disclosure can be used in a variety of optical systems, display systems and projection systems. The modality may include or work with a variety of projectors, projection systems, optical components, displays, microvisors, computer systems, processors, independent projector systems, visual and / or audiovisual systems and electrical and / or optical devices. Aspects of the present disclosure can be used with almost any device related to optical and electrical devices, optical systems, display systems, entertainment systems, presentation systems or any device that may contain any type of optical system. Consequently, the modalities of the present disclosure can be employed in optical systems, devices used in visual and / or optical presentations, visual peripherals and so on and in various computing environments.
After proceeding to the modalities revealed in detail, it should be understood that the disclosure is not limited in this application or creation to the details of the particular provisions shown, because the disclosure has the possibility of other modalities. In addition, aspects of disclosure can be defined in different combinations and arrangements to define exclusive modalities in their own right. Also, the terminology used in this document is for the purpose of description and not limitation. Figures IA and 1B are schematic diagrams showing top and side views, respectively, of a conventional waveguide backlight illuminator. The top view 150 of Figure 1A includes LEDs 155 that can be used to illuminate a wedge waveguide 160. The wedge waveguides with spreading features are routinely used for LCD lighting. The top view 150 is shown in the xy plane.
The side view 100 of Figure 1B is illustrated in the xz plane and includes LED 105, waveguide 110, LCD 120, diffuser 130 and reflection elements 140. Side view 100 of Figure 1B, is an alternative view of top view 150 of the Figure IA. Consequently, LED 105 of Figure 1B can correspond to LEDs 155 and waveguide 110 of Figure 1B can correspond to waveguide 160 of Figure IA.
As shown in Figure 1B, LED 105 can illuminate the thicker edge 107 of waveguide 110 and light can propagate within waveguide 110. A proportion of the propagating light periodically encounters a reflection element 140 such as at point 145, which can spread the rays of light. The scattered rays of light that have propagation angles that exceed the critical angle of the waveguide 110, exit to pass through the diffuser 130 and then illuminate the LCD 120. The remaining diffused light rays are compressed firmly by the wedge profile as the rays of light travel to the thin end 109 of the waveguide 110. The rays of light encounter more and more diffusion features, illustrated at points 146 and 147 in the waveguide 110, until most of the illumination light comes out of the waveguide 110. In this way, the gradual light leakage disperses light from a source located along the geometric axis x of waveguide 110 to illuminate the LCD 120. LEDs 155 can be positioned adjacent to each other , as shown in Figure IA, so that the light can propagate in the direction of the waveguide orthogonal to its wedge profile, along the geometric axis y. Diffuser 130 can also be used to diffuse lighting, as shown in Figure 1B.
Although this conventional approach provides illumination, the radius angles of light output are not controlled and are not directed. Without lighting control, there is no opportunity for efficiency, privacy and auto stereoscopic applications. Figures 2A and 2B are schematic diagrams showing a top view and a side view of a known auto-stereoscopic viewfinder. Top view 250 of Figure 2A is illustrated in the xy plane and includes LEDs 255a and 255b that can be used to illuminate a waveguide 210. Additionally, side view 200 of Figure 2B is illustrated in the xz plane and includes LEDs 205a and 205b, LCD 220, film 3M 230, waveguide 210 and reflection elements 240. Side view 200 of Figure 2B is an alternative view of top view 250 of Figure 2A. Consequently, LEDs 205a and b in Figure 2B can correspond to 255a and 255b in Figure 2A and waveguide 110 in Figure IB can correspond to waveguide 260 in Figure 2A.
More recently, emission lighting with angular control has been developed as discussed in U.S. Patent No. 7,750,982 by Nelson et al., Which is incorporated into this document by way of reference. In this known example, as shown in Figures 2A and 2B, LEDs 255a and 255b and 205a and b, respectively, are located to the left and right of a waveguide and can be modulated independently. As shown in Figure 2B, the light emitted from a right-hand LED 205b, propagates down a double wedge waveguide 210, gradually increasing its radius angles until some exceed the critical angle when internal reflection total (IRR) failure. These rays then leave the guide and propagate outwards towards a viewfinder at a narrow range of angles close to 90 ° for the normal guide or geometric axis z. A microprism film, illustrated as the 3M 230 film in Figure 2B, with integral lenses located between the waveguide 210 and the LCD 220 directs this light along the z-axis with a dispersion of the angles up to, but not exceeding, the propagation normal.
Continuing the discussion of Figure 2B, by positioning the LCD 220 directly on top of the 3M 230 film, a fully lit LCD would be seen only in the left eye when viewing the display normally. This image persists in the left eye only, as the viewfinder is rotated clockwise over the vertical until it begins to appear in the right eye. At that point, the display appears as a conventional 2D display. A symmetrical situation is obtained in the right eye for the light emitted from the left side LED 205a of Figure 2B. Modulating the left and right eye LEDs 205a and 205b in sync with the alternating left and right eye images provided for the display then allows the viewer to see a high resolution stereo when viewed normally. Rotating the viewfinder away from normal provides a 2D image, avoiding the unpleasant pseudoscopic sensation, such as when a stereoscopic image of the left eye is seen in the right eye and vice versa, created by more conventional parallax barrier or lenticular screen approaches. Furthermore, 3D images have a complete resolution that differs from conventional approaches and can return to a conventional 2D display when all LEDs are activated. This known stereoscopic viewfinder solution is limited in that only two beams are independently controlled, thus preventing effective privacy lighting modes and freedom of head movement in an auto-stereoscopic system that multiple independently modulated beams can allow. Figures 3A and 3B are schematic diagrams showing a top view and one of another known auto-stereoscopic viewfinder. The top view 350 of Figure 3A is illustrated in the xy plane and includes LED 355 which can be used to illuminate a wedge waveguide 360. As shown in Figure 3A, the wedge waveguide 360 may have a corrugated surface of reflection 362. Additionally, side view 300 of Figure 3B is illustrated in the xz plane and includes LED 305, LCD 320, redirection film 330 3 and waveguide 310. Side view 300 of Figure 3B is an alternative view of the top view 350 of Figure 3A. Consequently, LED 305 of Figure 3B can correspond to LED 355 of Figure 3A and the wedge waveguide 310 of Figure 3B can correspond to the wedge waveguide 360 of Figure 3A. Similar to the waveguides of Figures IA, 1B, 2A and 2B, the wedge waveguide 310 of Figure 3B also has a thin end 307 and a thick end 309.
As shown in Figures 3A and 3B, a wedge waveguide can be employed as taught in US Patent No. 7,660,047 by Travis, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for reference. The approach in Figures 3A and 3B employs a single LED emitter that can display a small optical proportion or extent.
The wedge waveguide can provide conventional collimation in the xy plane of the waveguide and use the collimation xz provided by the gradual leakage of the wedge waveguide through the TIR fault. In addition, xy collimation can be performed in reflection, using direct propagation for beam expansion and a backward collimated propagation beam to leak light down the same waveguide. A curved and angled reflection edge surface provides collimation and angular deviation in reflection, as shown in Figures 3A and 3B.
A problem with the wedge waveguide of Figures 3A and 3B is the requirement to deflect the illumination beam that exits away from the waveguide surface. This is done effectively and evenly with the use of a complex film. Furthermore, the symmetrical nature of an independent wedge means that leakage is likely to occur on both the upper and lower surfaces. Additionally, the dispersion of internal propagation radius angles is reduced, ultimately increasing the wedge thickness for any given LED source. Another issue concerns the reflection edge that has to be corrugated to prevent non-uniform illumination close to that edge. Such corrugation is costly as it has to meet narrow design tolerances.
Generally, the wedge waveguide may not function as a valve. The light that can propagate from a thin end to a thick end of the wedge waveguide can return without the extraction if reflected directly from the thick end. Primarily through angular adjustment through the reflection of a corrugated or oblique edge mirror, the light can propagate back at angles high enough to be extracted.
Generally, for both displays illuminated by optical valve and wedge waveguide, effectiveness can be improved, for example, by providing local controlled colored lighting to pixels, avoiding the need for a color filter arrangement ("CEA") , as taught in Common Ownership Publication No. US 2009/0160757 entitled "Intra-pixel illumination system" which is incorporated into this document as a reference in its entirety or through the concentration of illumination only in regions where the eyes of the viewers reside. Privacy applications can also be provided by concentrating lighting only in regions where the eyes of the viewers reside, as no illumination light reaches the eyes of potential onlookers. By modulating these beams of light that reach the left and right eyes separately in synchronization with the image presentation of the left and right eye, it is also possible to deliver stereoscopic information without the need for glasses. This latter self-stereoscopic approach can be used for portable 3D devices.
Figures 4A and 4B are schematic diagrams that illustrate respective top and side views of an optical valve embodiment. Generally, the embodiment of Figures 4A and 4B can operate as an optical valve. The optical valve 410 of Figures 4A and 4B can be referred to as such for purposes of discussion only and not limitation.
Figures 4A and 4B are schematic diagrams illustrating a respective top view and a side view of an optical valve embodiment. The top view 450 of Figure 4A is illustrated in the xy plane and includes LED 405 which can be used to illuminate the optical valve 410. Although an LED is discussed as the light source in relation to the modalities discussed in this document, any source of light can be used as such, but without limitation, laser sources, local field emission sources, organic emitter arrangements and so on. Additionally, side view 400 of Figure 4B is illustrated in the xz plane and includes LED 405, LCD 420, extraction features 430 and optical valve 410. Side view 400 of Figure 4B is an alternative view of top view 450 of Figure 4A. Consequently, LED 405 of Figures 4A and 4B can correspond to another one and the optical valve 410 of Figures 4A and 4B can correspond to another one. In addition, in Figure 4B, optical valve 410 may have a thin end 407 and a thick end 409. Although LCD 420 may be referred to in this document for discussion purposes, other displays may be used including, but not limited to, LCOS, DLP devices according to that illuminator can work in reflection and so on.
In the embodiment of Figures 4A and 4B, the light that propagates in a first direction can be guided through the optical valve 410 without substantial loss and the light that propagates in a second direction can be extracted from the optical valve 410 using the extraction resources 430. The 430 extraction features will be discussed in further detail in this document. As shown in Figure 4B, the light can propagate in a first direction which can be from the thin end 407 to the thick end 409 of the optical valve 410. Additionally, after reflecting the end of the optical valve 410, the light can propagate in a second direction in which the second direction can be from the thick end 409 to the thin end 407. As the light travels in the second direction, the light can find the extraction resources 430 and be extracted from the optical valve 410, to the LCD 420. In addition, the extraction features can be effectively and optically hidden in the lifts of the optical valve for the light that spreads in the first direction.
Deepening the discussion of the optical valve 410 of Figure 4B, light can enter a first end, for example, the thin end 407 of Figure 4B, if it propagates along the length of the optical valve, reflects the second end, for example, the thick end 409 of Figure 4B and propagate along the length of the optical valve towards the first end and at some point along the length of the optical valve, light can be extracted from the optical valve through interaction with an extraction feature 430 .
Continuing the discussion of this modality, the light can homogenize and expand by propagating in a first direction before reflecting a non-flat surface and being extracted while propagating in a second direction. The non-flat surface can act as a cylindrical lens that allows light to form an image of a source on a window plane. In one example, source imaging can be achieved by employing a cylindrical reflection end surface similar to the wedge waveguide without the need to employ costly corrugation. By way of comparison, the reflection end of the wedge waveguide in US Patent No. 7,660,047, by Travis has to be corrugated.
The optical valve can be a single, independent molded unit with a thickness that can be adjusted appropriately for different display platforms. In addition, the exchange can be a loss of optical efficiency with decreasing thickness. In addition, a relatively low thickness and low cost auto stereoscopic display can be achieved and can reduce the amount of optical components used in auto stereoscopic displays while improving optical quality. In addition, in one embodiment, the size of the edge bevel regions or the oversizing of the appropriate width of the optical valve can be reduced to reduce the mass. The extraction features have substantially no function of directing light into the light that passes through the optical valve from the first intake side to the second reflecting side, so a long posterior working distance from the light reflecting side can be achieved and also a small thickness of the optical valve. In addition, introducing curved surfaces to the extraction features can functionally replace the curved end surface, making the final external dimensions of the optical valve structure more compatible with small portable devices. Extraction features with curved surfaces will be discussed in further detail in this document.
As discussed earlier, the structure of an embodiment is shown in Figures 4A and 4B and includes an optical valve with two or more LED emitters at one thin end 407 and a curved reflection surface at the other thick end 409 or reflection end. The light that enters the optical valve structure can propagate along the x direction and can expand in the y direction as shown in Figures 4A and 4B. Extraction features 430 may not affect light and may not affect how light can be guided as extraction features 430 may be optically hidden from light rays that cannot exceed the critical angle, θc, where: θc = sen-1 (1 / n)) in relation to the geometric axis z and where n is the refractive index of the material optical valve. The angular profile xz of the light may remain substantially unchanged in contrast to the wedge waveguide structure described in relation to Figures 3A and 3B. At the far end away from the light source or the thick end 409 of the optical valve 410, the light may be incident on an end surface which may be substantially parallel to the geometric axis z, but curved in the xy plane. The curve can act to imagine the light along the angles in the same xy plane while substantially retaining the orthogonal angular profile xz. The light can form a divergent beam and can lose light or form a convergent beam and fail to illuminate the edges, thus making a large bevel or oversizing the appropriate width.
The displacement along the y-axis of the original light source admission of the symmetrical geometric axis of the structure can cause the rays of return light approximately collimated in the second direction to propagate at an angle ~ V | / relative to the geometric axis x . The rays of the return light can reflect from the surfaces of the extraction features that can cause the deflection towards the geometric axis z and the extraction of the guide. The reflection of an oriented surface of approximately 45 ° of the extraction feature can substantially preserve the angular dispersion xz θ / n in air) and the angle of displacement iμ of the guided light, although the angle of displacement iμ of the guided light can cause the light propagates close to the geometric axis z and not to the geometric axis x. The reflection of approximately 45 ° can also center approximately the light on the normal of the face existing in the xz plane, which can be approximately <j> = θ ° - ° angular profile xz can be slightly modified since the high angle rays incident on the extraction feature surface can be mitigated due to TIR failure. In one example, rays that can be between approximately 50 degrees negative and approximately five degrees of the geometric axis x can reflect with good effectiveness and rays that can be approximately above five degrees can break through the extraction surface and can be optically lost . The optically lost rays can be the high angle rays. Silvering the bottom can improve the efficiency of extracting the high-angle rays that may be at the expense of loss of propagation while guiding the light. The angle of displacement of the guided light will be discussed in additional detail at least in relation to Figures 5A, 5B and 5C.
Figure 5A is a schematic diagram showing a top view of an optical valve structure that illustrates a targeted emission in the yz plane, Figure 5B is a schematic diagram that illustrates a first side view of the optical valve structure of Figure 5A and the Figure 5C is a schematic diagram showing a second side view of the optical valve structure of Figure 5A.
The top view 550 of Figure 5A is illustrated in the xy plane and includes LED 505 which can be used to illuminate the optical valve 510. The second side view 500 of Figure 5C is illustrated in the xz plane and includes LED 505, LCD 520 and the optical valve 510. The side view 525 of Figure 5B is an alternative view of the top view 550 of Figure 5A and also includes LED 505, LCD 520, extraction features 530 and optical valve 510. Consequently, the LED 505 of Figures 5A, 5B and 5C can correspond to one another and the optical valve 510 of Figures 5A, 5B and 5C can correspond to another one. Furthermore, as illustrated in Figure 5B, the optical valve 510 can have a thin end 507 and a thick end 509. The thick end 509 can thus form a concave or convex mirror.
As illustrated in Figure 5C, the thickness t of the inlet of the optical valve 510 and the thickness T also of the optical valve 510 can be determined at least by the extent and efficiency of the system, respectively. The extent of the system in the yz plane can be determined by the vertical y ratio of the exit pupil or eyebox, as shown in Figure 5B. For example, it may be desirable for a vertical window ratio to be approximately Δ / 2, where Δ can be approximately the distance between the eye and the viewfinder, typically 300 mm. The angular proportion of xz θ can then be approximately 2. tan-1 (1/4) or approximately 30 ° which can translate to an internal angle xz of approximately θ / n dispersion of approximately 20 ° over the geometric axis x. The typical emission dispersion of an LED in air can be approximately 100 ° and in the guide it can be approximately 65 °. Thus, to coincide approximately, the angular proportion of LED is approximately divided in half. Extension conservation can provide that the approximate size t of the guide inlet can then be approximately twice the size of the LED emission area assuming that a suitable beam expander, such as a tapered waveguide is used. Typical LEDs for small platforms can be approximately 0.5 mm wide which can provide for the size of the inlet opening as approximately t = ~ 1 mm.
The ratio of the outlet opening size T to the inlet size t can be used to determine the loss in effectiveness since the return light reaching the inlet opening can be effectively lost from the system. The minimum size can then be approximately 2 mm for approximately 50% effectiveness, although T ~ 3 mm can provide a better efficiency / thickness change.
The amount of extraction resources can be limited primarily by the shape resulting from extraction resources after manufacture. Practical extraction features can include manufacturing errors using practical manufacturing methods. These errors can typically have a finite size related, for example, to the size of the cutting tool that made the mold. In the event that the extraction feature is small, the error can be a larger fraction of the total extraction feature and can cause less than optimal performance. A sensitive size for the extraction resources can thus be chosen so that the extraction resource size can be compatible with the expected shape or final fidelity. The smaller the amount of extraction resources, the larger the resource size and the less relatively rounded the edges. The round edges may tend to expand the angular proportion of the light that spreads inside the optical valve and can cause an unwanted leak. Assuming a step size δ of approximately 10 μm, the number of steps Ns can then be approximately (Tt) / δ ~ 200. In the example of a mobile phone display in stereoscopic landscape mode, the step offset p can be d / Ns ~ 250 μm. Typical mobile phones can have 78 μm of pixel spacing so the diffusion of the emission light along x can be introduced to prevent Moiré effects. To preserve the vertical proportion of the outgoing pupil to approximately the first order and still scramble the outgoing optical field, a diffusion angle of approximately 30 ° may be sufficient. Holographic 1D diffusers, for example, with Luminit (a company based in Torrance, California) can be used to achieve this effect.
The curved mirror surface can act similarly to an ID imaging element. Exit pupils or localized light boxes can be formed in the plane of the viewer through the unidimensional imaging of the different LEDs. Imaging conditioning can be roughly described by the usual formula 1 / u + 1 / v = 1 / f, assuming minimal curving of the curved reflection surface that can also be known as the thin lens assumption. Where f is the focal length of the curved reflection surface that can be approximately equal to half its bending radius r, u is the distance d from the LEDs to the end face and v is the optical path length for the viewer that can be approximately n.Δ. The radius of curvature can then be:

For typical mobile phone values, r can be approximately 90 mm.
In another case where the curving of the curved surface is significant, the radius of curvature can be:

The modality illustrated in Figures 5A, 5B and 5C can create an eyebox, which can effectively be an enlarged version of the LEDs. Again from the geometric lens considerations, the eyebox size ratio ∑ / s can be roughly equivalent to the geometric ratio nΔ / d. ~ 5. The position of the eyebox can be scaled similarly from the approximate LED position which can be determined by Q / w = ∑ / s ~ 5. To provide head position flexibility, the eyebox can be approximately the width of the head. interocular distance or approximately 65 mm with a minimum gap between the emission regions of the two LEDs. In this exemplary case, each LED emission area can extend from the middle of the thin end to approximately 65/5 or approximately 13 mm. The curved cylindrical lens surface can be replaced with a Fresnel equivalent as shown in Figure 11 and which will be discussed in further detail in this document. However, while this can reduce the proportion at which the end surface can exceed the final display area, it can also add cost.
Figure 6 is a schematic diagram that illustrates another modality in cross section of an optical valve. Figure 6 shows in cross section a modality that includes an optical valve 601 that can be a transparent material. In the embodiment of Figure 6, the optical valve 601 has a transmission inlet side 602, a reflecting side 604, a first light directing side 606 that is flat and a second light directing side 608 that includes the guide features 610 and the light extraction features 612. As shown in Figure 6, the light rays 616 of a lighting element 614 of an arrangement 615 of lighting elements can be substantially guided in the optical valve 601 through total internal reflection from the side 606 and the total internal reflection by the guide feature 610 to the reflective side 604 which can be a mirror surface. The arrangement 615 of the lighting elements may, in one example, be an addressable array of LEDs. Generally, in Figures 6 to 25, elements numbered similarly can correspond to each other. For example, the optical valve in Figure 6 can be labeled 601, the optical valve in Figure 7A can be labeled 701, the optical valve in Figure 13 can be labeled 1301 and so on.
Continuing the discussion of Figure 6, light beam 618 can be reflected from side 604 and can be additionally guided substantially in optical valve 601 by total internal reflection on side 604 and can be reflected by guide resources 612. The rays 618 that can be incident on the extraction resources 612 can be deflected away from the guide modes of the optical valve and can be directed as shown by radius 620 substantially through side 604 to an optical pupil that can form a viewing window 626 of an auto-stereoscopic viewfinder. The width of the viewing window 626 can be primarily determined by the size of the illuminator, the emission design distance and optical power on the 604 side and on the 612 features. The height of the viewing window can be primarily determined by the angle of reflection cone of features 612 and the admission of lighting cone angle on the intake side.
The optical valve of Figure 6 can be formed, for example, by molding in one piece or by attaching molded films comprising features 610, 512 to a wedge-shaped structure with ends 602, 604. Optical valve 601 can be formed using separately or in combination with materials such as glass or polymer materials such as, but not limited to, acrylic or PET. Advantageously, the optical valves of the present modalities can be formed with low cost and high transmission.
Figure 7A is a schematic diagram illustrating in schematic plan view an optical valve illuminated by a first lighting element and including curved light extraction features. Figure 7A illustrates in plan view the additional light beam guidance of the light emitting element 714 on the optical valve 701. Each of the emission rays can be directed to the same viewing window 726 of the respective illuminator 714. Thus, the radius of light 730 of Figure 7A can intercept radius 720 in window 726 or can have a different height in the window as shown by radius 732. The sides 722, 724 of the optical valve can be, however without limitation, transparent, mirrored, serrated surfaces, darkened and so on.
Continuing the discussion of Figure 7A, the light extraction features 712 can be elongated and curved, and the orientation of the light extraction features 712 in a first region 734 on the light directing side 7 08 may be different from the orientation of the light features. light extraction 712 in a second region 736 on the light directing side 708.
Figure 7B is a schematic diagram showing in schematic plan view an optical valve illuminated by a second lighting element. Figure 7B includes the rays of light 740, 742 from a second lighting element 738 of the arrangement 715. The curvature of the mirror on the side 704 and the light extraction features can cooperate to produce a second view window 744 that can be separated laterally from the viewing window 726 with rays of light from the illuminator 738.
The modality of Figures 7A and 7B can provide a real image of the illuminating element 714 in a viewing window 726 while the real image can be formed by the cooperation of the optical power on the reflecting side 704 and the optical power that can arise from different resource orientations elongated light extraction units 712 between regions 734 and 736. In addition, the embodiment of Figures 7A and 7B can achieve the improved aberrations of the imaging of the light-emitting element 714 to the lateral positions in the viewing window 726. The improved aberrations can achieve extended viewing freedom for an auto-stereoscopic viewfinder while reaching low overlap levels. In one example, the extended viewing freedom may include greater angles over which 3D can be viewed with good performance or low overlap which may be less than approximately 5%. Figure 7C is a schematic diagram that illustrates in schematic plan view an optical valve illuminated by linear light extraction features. Figure 7C shows an arrangement similar to Figures 4A and 4B in which the light extraction features are linear and substantially parallel to each other. The embodiment of Figure 7C can provide substantially uniform illumination across a display surface and may be more convenient to manufacture than the curved features of Figures 7A and 7B. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a self-stereoscopic display device using the optical valve. Figure 8 shows an observer tracking self-stereoscopic display device. As shown in Figure 8, an arrangement 815 of the lighting elements and optical valve 801 can be arranged to provide an arrangement 846 of the viewing windows. A sensor 850 such as a CCD or CMOS sensor can be used to perceive an observer in the vicinity of the windows and an observer tracking system 852 can be used to calculate the position of the observer. An illuminator controller 854 can determine the correct definition of the illuminating arrangement so that the illuminating elements that correspond to the viewing window set 856 can be illuminated during a first lighting phase and the illuminating elements that correspond to the viewing window set 858 can be illuminated in a second lighting phase. Controller 854 can adjust which lighting elements of array 815 are illuminated depending on the position of the observer. The image display can be provided by a transmissive 848 spatial light modulator display, such as an LCD, and can be located between the optical valve 801 and the viewing window arrangement 846. In a first lighting phase that can correspond to the lighting of the window arrangement 856, a left eye image can be displayed on the display 848 and in a second stage that can correspond to the lighting of the window arrangement 858, a right eye image can be displayed on the display 848.
The embodiment of Figure 8 can achieve a self-stereoscopic viewer tracking display for wide viewing freedom with low levels of flicker for an on-the-go observer. The optical quality of the 846 arrangement windows can be improved by varying the orientation of the extraction features 812 along the optical valve. Thus, the uniformity of illumination in the window plane can be optimized in addition to the overlay for an observer. This modality can provide a thin optical valve that can be configured as a directional backlight with LCDs in thin packages. In addition, the modality of Figure 8 may not employ additional light direction films as the emission can be directed in a substantially forward direction. In addition, the effectiveness of the optical valve can be varied using mainly TIR reflections instead of reflections from metallized surfaces. The light extraction can be substantially through the light directing side 804, as the light losses through the light side 808 can be substantially less. Figure 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical valve that includes a flat reflecting side. Figure 9 shows an additional embodiment of the optical valve that includes a flat reflecting side 904. The light extraction features 912 can be configured to substantially direct the light rays 960 from the light emitting element arrangement 915 to the window arrangement 946 However, side 904 can be a reflecting surface such as a mirror that can have little to no optical power, so that optical power can be provided by the light extraction capabilities 912. The mode of Figure 9 can reach an area small total of the optical valve that can be roughly matched to the area of the space light modulator. This can reduce the total display size. Specifically, the approximate area under the curvature of the side curvature 904 can be substantially eliminated. Figure 10A is a schematic diagram that illustrates an optical valve that includes a Fresnel lens and Figure 10B is also a schematic diagram that illustrates an optical valve that includes another Fresnel lens. Figures 10A and 10B show additional modalities in which an additional Fresnel lens 1062 can be positioned in the emission of the optical valves with flat and curved sides 1004 respectively. The Fresnel lens can be configured to cooperate with side 1004 and the light extraction features 1012 to substantially direct the light from the arrangement of lighting elements 1015 to the arrangement of viewing windows (not shown in the Figures). The Fresnel lens can have a spherical or cylindrical shape, the shape of which can depend on the vertical height of the window (not shown in the Figures). Additionally, the optical power of the optical valve can be distributed between side 1004, the light deflection features. 1012 and the Fresnel lens, which can reduce the degradation of the window structure in the window arrangement (not shown in the Figures), thereby increasing viewing freedom and reducing image overlap while maintaining low levels of flicker for an on-the-go observer in the window plane. Figure 10C is a schematic diagram illustrating an additional optical valve that includes another Fresnel lens. In Figure 10C, the Fresnel lens geometric axis 1062 can be shifted compared to the center of the optical valve so that the geometric axis 1064 of the center of the viewfinder can be in a different location from the geometric axis 1066 of the center of the lens. The modality of Figure 10C can deviate the nominal emission light direction of the extraction resources to be more in the geometric axis that may otherwise be the case. In addition, the modality of Figure 10C can provide a brighter display as it may not employ vertical diffusion to provide the brightness on the appropriate geometric axis. Figure 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical valve with an alternative reflecting end. As shown in Figure 11, an optical valve can have a curved surface or conventional collimation wedge 1110, which can be replaced with a Fresnel equivalent 1120. Figure 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical valve that includes a vertical diffuser. Figure 12 shows an additional embodiment in which a vertical diffuser 1268 can be arranged to provide for an intake radius 1220 at a cone angle 1270 that can increase the vertical height of the windows without significantly increasing the spread in the horizontal direction. In addition, the vertical viewing angle can be increased without increasing the overlap between adjacent windows in the 1246 array. The vertical diffuser can be various types of materials including, but not limited to, an asymmetric spreading surface, relief structure, a lenticular screen and so on. The vertical diffuser can be arranged to cooperate with a Fresnel lens that can provide high uniformity of display for rotation on a horizontal geometric axis. Figure 13 is a schematic diagram that illustrates in cross section a self-stereoscopic viewfinder. Figure 13 shows an auto-stereoscopic viewfinder that includes optical valve 1, Fresnel lens 1362, vertical diffuser 1368 and transmissive spatial light modulator 1348 can be arranged to provide an auto-stereoscopic viewing window 1326 of an illuminating element of the illuminating arrangement 1314. A gap can be provided between the diffuser 1368 and the Fresnel lens 1362 to reduce the Moiré knock between the spatial light modulator 1348 and the Fresnel lens structures 1362 and the light extraction capabilities 1312.
In some embodiments, the density of the light extraction features 1312 in regions at the edge of the optical valve 1301 may be less than the density at the center of the optical valve 1301. Such an arrangement may result in non-uniform intensity across the display device area . Figure 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical valve that includes separate elongated light extraction capabilities. Figure 14 shows that additional separate elongated light extraction features 1472 can be arranged, for example, between the continues light extraction features 1474 to advantageously achieve greater uniformity of display intensity. Figure 15 is a schematic diagram that illustrates a cross section of an optical valve that includes light extraction capabilities with varying slope and height. Figure 15 shows in cross-section a schematic arrangement of the light extraction resources and the guide resources 1576, 1578 in which the height and slope of the light extraction resources can vary along the second side of the light guidance 1508. Advantageously , the slope can be adjusted to provide vertical diffusion characteristics, while the height can be varied to adjust the amount of light that can be extracted from the optical valve for a particular region. Figure 16A is a schematic diagram that illustrates a cross section of an optical valve that includes the light extraction features with multiple reflection facets for the light extraction features. Figure 16A is a mode in which the 1673 light extraction capabilities can be provided across multiple planar surfaces. Figure 16B is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross section of an optical valve that can include the light extraction features with convex facets for the light extraction features. Figure 16B shows a configuration of the 1675 convex light extraction features, while Figure 16C illustrates a combination of 1675 convex and concave 1677 light extraction features. Figure 16C is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross section of a valve optics that includes the light extraction features with convex and concave facets for the light extraction features. Figure 16D is a schematic diagram that illustrates a cross section of an optical valve that includes the light extraction features with irregular facets for the light extraction features. Figure 16D shows a modality that provides irregular resource formats 1612. The modalities of Figures 16A, 16B, 16C and 16D can provide vertical diffusion characteristics without employing the 1668 vertical diffuser, thus reducing cost and complexity. Figure 16E is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross section of a 1690 optical valve that includes light extraction capabilities arranged to provide limited scattering in the imaging direction. Figure 16E shows an additional modality in which the light extraction features have a 1695 surface modulation on the extractor faces that can be for the purpose of light diffusion and arranged in such a way that lateral diffusion can be achieved in the plane of window. The cone angle of the diffusion can be used to provide some lateral defocusing of the window structure, but it can be much smaller than the one used for vertical diffusion. Such an arrangement can be used to increase window uniformity and reduce display flicker for an on-the-go observer. Figure 17 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of a variable lateral optical valve thickness. Figure 17 shows a schematic arrangement of the optical valve 1701 (unmarked) in which the height of the extraction features 1712 can vary over the width of the optical valve 1701 which can provide greater extraction uniformity over the area of the side 1706. Thus, the height 1778 of the features 1712 at the edge of the optical valve 1701 may be greater than the height 1780 at the center of the optical valve 1701. In the embodiment of Figure 17, the light guide features 1724 may not be parallel to each other or to the surface. 1706. The orientation of the 1712 features can be adjusted to compensate for such a change in the direction from normal to surface for the 1710 light guide features. Figure 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating a plan view of a directional display that includes an optical valve that it can have a plurality of separate light extraction resources and that it can be arranged to provide the reduction of the Moiré pattern. Figure 18 schematically shows a random arrangement of the elongated light extraction resources arranged in such a way that the resources can reduce the Moiré pattern between the light extraction resources and the pixelated spatial light modulator. The Moiré pattern can be visible when two periodic semitransparent structures are placed in close proximity. The introduction and random placement of extraction resources can break one / or interrupt any periodicity and can reduce the visible Moiré effects. Figure 19 is a schematic diagram that illustrates light imaging options provided by the curved reflector side. Figure 19 illustrates three different examples of collimation of light from the main rays. Example a in Figure 19 illustrates converging main rays, example b illustrates collimated main rays and example c illustrates divergent main rays, all of which may be propagating in the second direction after reflecting the reflecting side. Additionally, Figure 19 shows that the curvature of the reflecting side 1904 can be adjusted to substantially control the collimation and / or decolimation of the reflected light within the 1901 optical valve. of area for viewing outside the geometric axis of the 1901 optical valve. Figure 20 is a schematic diagram that illustrates radius paths in an optical valve. The geometry in Figure 20 can be used to determine the curvature and slope of the optical valve extraction features 2001 that focus the main rays collimated at an approximate point in a viewing plane, at distance V from the viewfinder. Additionally, Figure 20 schematically shows the radius and normal surface directions for the optical valve structure 2001 of the present embodiments. Figure 21 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical valve that includes an additional tilt between the first side of light direction and the guide features of the second side of light direction. Figure 22 is a schematic diagram that illustrates in cross section the rays of light in an optical valve with substantially parallel sides. Figure 22 shows in cross-section a modality without any angle of inclination between the first light directing surface 2206 and the guide resources 2210 of the second light directing side. Figure 23 is a schematic diagram that illustrates in cross section the rays of light in a tapered optical valve. The embodiment of Figure 22 includes guide rays within the optical valve that can be incident on a light extraction feature 2212 on the light directing side 2308 (which comprises features 2310, 2312) where side 2206 can be substantially parallel to the guide resources 2210. The radius 2282 can be incident on the extraction feature 2212 and can be deflected by the facet, but can then be captured by the TIR on the optical valve 2201 on side 2206. The radius 2284 can be extracted as shown; however, beam 2286 can also be transmitted via the light extraction feature and as a result can be optically lost. Providing a wedge between the 2310 features and the 2306 side can provide an additional emission coupling light as shown in Figure 23. In that case, a less abruptly inclined light extraction feature 2312 can be arranged so that the light for all three incident rays is substantially directed back to the optical valve. Since the optical valve can be a cone that narrows to the rays that travel in the direction illustrated in Figure 23, then the rays that may be incident on side 2306 may not exceed the critical angle and can therefore be emitted from the optical valve. In addition, 2388 emission coupling films can be arranged to redirect the light near the surface on the side 2306 to the direction on the geometric axis of the display. Advantageously, such an arrangement can reach features that are more steeply inclined than optical valves with parallel sides. Such features can reflect a greater proportion of the wave-guided cone angle within the optical valve without employing additional metallized coatings and can thus be more effective. Figure 24 is a schematic diagram illustrating a self-stereoscopic viewfinder in which light extraction can be achieved by refraction in the light extraction capabilities of the optical valve. Figure 24 shows an additional embodiment in which the light extraction features 2412 can be arranged to refract light in the optical valve 2401. A light deflection structure 2492 can include an array of prisms that can be arranged to direct the rays of light. light drawn 2490 in a direction that can be substantially normal to the direction of panel emission. A Fresnel lens 2462 and diffuser 2468 can also be additionally arranged to direct the light on panel 2448 in such a way that the viewing windows 2426 can be formed, as described above. In one example, the facet angle can be approximately 90 degrees. Advantageously, this modality can reach five levels of light extraction from resources 2412. Figure 25 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical valve that includes an air cavity. Figure 25 shows another embodiment in which the optical valve can include an air cavity 2598 with the first and second sides of light directing 2506 and 2508. The first and second sides of light directing 2506 and 2508 can be arranged in the support substrates 2594 and 2596 respectively. The sides 2506 and resources 2510 can be metallized differently from the extraction resources 2512 so that the light can be extracted when propagating in the second direction, but not when propagating in the first direction. Advantageously, such an arrangement can be less easily damaged during manipulation than the optical internal full-wave waveguide valve 2401 of Figure 24. Figures 26A and 26B are schematic diagrams showing top and side views, respectively, of a structure of optical valve. Figures 26A and 26B illustrate another embodiment that can employ curved extraction features that can allow for a flat reflection end surface. In addition, in yet another embodiment, a curved rear reflection surface and curved extraction features 2610 to prevent excessive light loss at the edges through lack of collimation while reducing the outer curve of the rear edge can be included. In addition, other modalities can break the extraction resources into smaller isolated resources to substantially prevent problems of graphical grading with the panel. Each feature can also constitute a projected facet that can provide the reflection angles approximately correct for the imaging condition while not substantially affecting the guided light that propagates forward.
The extraction capabilities of an optical valve system can form a series of separate facets. The separate facets can alter the propagation angles of the guided light in such a way that the total internal reflection (TIR) on the optical valve surface can fail and light can be extracted. In one example, the extraction resources can be separated in such a way that the oblique resources can have a first slope and can be separated by intervals of guide resources with a second slope, where the second slope can be a different slope from the first slope oblique resources.
Another function may include directing the light in a substantially prescribed manner to optimize angularly controlled lighting. In the discussion in relation to at least Figures 5 and 6, the extraction resources were assumed to be substantially uniformly oblique and linear steps that can act to transform the propagation directions from -x to ~ z depending on the slope angle. Functions such as focusing, redirection, diffusion and so on can be provided by one or more external films that may include, but are not limited to, diffusers and Fresnel lenses. Incorporating so many functions into the extraction capabilities can reduce costs and improve performance.
In yet another embodiment, a diffuser can be incorporated into any of the optical valve variations discussed in this document. Introducing a surface modulation into the extractor veneers as shown in Figure 5 can approximately deflect the light at a set of prescribed horizontal and vertical angles that can effectively diffuse the illumination light. Diffusion can be used to defocus the imaging of the physical spans between the regions of LED emission. It can also be useful in mixing light between adjacent LED sources to minimize color non-uniformities. The spatial dimensions associated with such diffusion surface modulation may be small enough so that the surface modulation cannot be resolved by the system or causes spatial interference with the periodic pixels of an illuminated display. Spatial interference can be partially alleviated by making any aperiodic and pseudo-random modulation.
The extraction capabilities of a directional light valve backlight system can form a series of separate and angled facets that can change the angles of propagation of guided light in such a way that the total internal reflection (TIR) on the guide surface can fail substantially and allow the light to escape. The terms separate, slanted, detached, disconnected and so on can be used in this document to describe the configuration of the extraction features in relation to each other. In one example, extraction resources can be separated from one another by guide resources. A secondary function may include directing the light in a prescribed manner to optimize controlled lighting substantially at an angle. In the discussion regarding at least Figures 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 5C, extraction features are assumed to be substantially uniformly oblique and linear steps that can transform the directions of propagation from -x to ~ z depending on the slope angle. Functions such as focusing, redirection, diffusion and so on can be provided by one or more external films that can include diffusers and Fresnel lenses, but can be provided by the design of the extraction feature profiles.
In one embodiment, the extraction features can substantially focus the main rays of the system on the viewing plane which can prevent the use of any extra films except smaller diffusers. The main rays of the system can be the rays that are substantially central to the optical ray array at any position in the system. For example, light that propagates from a physically small LED source at one end of an optical valve can provide a fan of the main rays in the xy plane that can propagate to the end reflector. In the reflection of the end reflector, these rays can propagate back in the xy plane with modified angles to provide convergence, collimation or divergence as shown in Figures 19A, 19B, and 19C. Figures 19A, 19B and 19C are schematic diagrams that illustrate light imaging options provided by the curved reflector side.
The main rays of convergence, such as those shown in Figure 19A, may move away from the edges and may fail to illuminate the optical valve surface area, but may allow substantial horizontal location of rays extracted on the viewing plane with resources. substantially linear extraction methods. The uniform illumination of a viewfinder can then involve including a horizontal over-scaling of the waveguide. Diverging rays, such as those depicted in Figure 19C, can be redirected to provide light to local pupils, but they substantially fill the desired illumination area even for LEDs outside the geometric axis. The more divergent the rays, the less bright the illuminator can be since the light can be optically lost at the edges of the optical valve. The main collimated propagation rays nearby, as depicted in Figure 19B, can reach an appropriate compromise.
The modality of Figure 20 is provided as an example and not a limitation and assumes a lighting area of approximately 150x200 mm for dimensions x and y. In addition, the calculations assume the coordinate origin to be approximately centered in the middle of the display area as shown in Figure 20.
The curvature and slope of the extraction features that can be used to focus the main rays collimated to a point on the viewer plane can be derived from the limited construction in Figure 20. The collimated rays can propagate back along the x-axis with the propagation vector,
, before finding an extraction resource at position (x, y). The face of the extraction feature at that point has a surface normal vector n (x, y) in such a way that the reflected light can travel substantially and directly to a focus point (0,0, V) with a propagation vector. normalized:

V is the product of the viewing distance which can be approximately 500 mm and the refractor index which can be approximately 1.5 of the waveguide. In this example, V can be approximately 750 mm.
The laws of reflection may indicate that the surface normal n (x, y) that deflects a ray of light that propagates with ki in one with ko is approximately:

A continuous extraction feature curve can follow a path in the xy plane that can be orthogonal to its normal face. Mathematically:
where dx and dy can be small deviations infinitesimally along the curve. Evaluating this expression can yield the local gradient of the curve in the xy plane:

Figure 27 shows extraction feature curves x (xθ, y) from the center of the guide, y = 0, to the edge, y = 100 mm), which can be derived from the local gradient equation above. The complete curves that cover negative values of y may not be used as the curve can even be on the geometric axis y from the physical symmetry.
The surface normal of an extraction feature, n, can be described by its angle of inclination in relation to the xy plane as the orientation of the surface normal in the same xy plane can be determined by the curvature of the extraction feature. The angle of inclination of surface θ of the geometric axis z can be given by:
where Jc can be the conventional z-axis direction vector.
In a modality, for which n is defined above:
Figure 28 shows inclination angles for three approximately centered extraction features ax = -50, 0 and 50 mm.
In another embodiment, a project can focus on the main divergent propagation rays. In one example, the design may not have a curved end surface. In this modality, a flat silver surface can reflect light and can substantially maintain the divergence in the xy plane of the original LED emission. Advantages can include ease of fabrication, less wasted area for incomplete lighting under any curve bend, and the ability to occupy the entry edge with LED sources for greater angular deflection and substantially uniform "2D-type" performance when all sources are activated. Figure 29 illustrates the spread of diverging light from a flat edge surface. The geometry shown in Figure 29 can generate the propagation of the main light ray ki in any position (x, y) as:
where L can be the x dimension of the optical valve. In this mode, L is approximately 150 mm. Continuing from the above analysis, the local gradient of the extractor curve in this case can become:
Again, the curve profile x (x (9, y) can be derived for curves that intersect the geometric axis x at x 0. The extractor facet normal in relation to the geometric axis z can then be:

The derived extractor profiles and surface slope values are illustrated in Figures 30A and 30B.
The modalities described in this document can direct the light emitted by a source on the geometric axis to a single point on the plane of the viewer.
These designs can be further optimized to accommodate a plurality of sources using optical design packages such as Zemax, FRED, ASAP and so on. Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of a stereoscopic display system that employs a controlled backlight. Figure 31 includes a viewer 3105, a right eye image 3110, a left eye image 3120 and a display system 3130. In Figure 31, the left and right eye images 3110 and 3105 can be displayed in substantial synchronization with the first and second light sources, respectively, such as LEDs. In addition, the 3130 display system and displays as discussed in this document can be various types of devices including, but not limited to, a cell phone, smart phone, PDA, gaming system, notebook and laptop computers, television systems , displays and so on. In the example in Figure 31, two LEDs can each provide an exit pupil or light box that can be aligned by the viewer to illuminate each eye separately. Modulating the LEDs in substantial synchronization with the 3130 display system that provides alternating left and right stereoscopic images can allow 3D viewing. The material cost of the display unit can be comparable to that of a 2D display. In addition, the effectiveness of the 3130 display system in 2D mode or when the display can be conventionally upgraded can be significantly improved as light may not be wasted illuminating regions away from the 3105 viewer's eyes. Figure 32 is a schematic diagram of a display mode that illustrates how images can be selectively presented to one user, although not presented to others. Figure 32 includes a first viewer 3210, a second viewer 3220 and a viewfinder 3230. In the embodiment of Figure 32, viewer 3230 can provide privacy since others cannot view viewer 3230 where there is substantially no illumination light. In the example in Figure 32, a first viewer 3210 can view 2D stereo or conventional images, while a second viewer 3220 in a different position, such as an adjacent seat when using public transport cannot view content on the 3230 viewer than the first 3210 viewer can view. Inserting two or more LEDs can provide multiple eyeboxes, releasing head and / or device movement and can provide a choice of multiple viewers. The viewers' eye position can be obtained, in one example, with the use of an internal outward facing CCD detector that can be commonly found in portable devices and laptop computers. These two system functions are described diagrammatically in Figure 33 and Figure 34. Figure 33 is a schematic diagram showing how the device and head or eye position can be detected by an on-board device. Figure 33 includes a device 3310, a first orientation 3320, a second orientation 3330, a first set of lighting pupils 3325 and a second set of lighting pupils 3335. As shown in Figure 33, the first set of lighting pupils 3325 it can include images that can be synchronized with the right eye and also images that can be synchronized with the left eye. In this case, the device 3310 can be located in a first orientation 3320, the first set of lighting pupils 3325 can include fewer images that can be synchronized with the right eye and more images that can be synchronized with the left eye. Similarly, in the other case shown in Figure 33, device 3310 can be located in a second orientation 3330 and the second set of lighting pupils 3335 can include fewer images that can be synchronized with the left eye and more images that can be synchronized with the right eye.
Continuing the discussion of Figure 33, the device on board can be a CCD camera and can provide admissions to a control system that automatically and substantially synchronizes the display of left and right eye images on a 3310 auto-stereoscopic display. LED synchronization can be determined by eye tracking admissions with the use of an onboard CCD camera. In the example in Figure 33, the device and / or head position admissions can be provided for a control system that controls multiple LED illuminators that can be substantially synchronized with the alternately displayed left and right eye images. In addition, stereoscopic images can be altered according to the viewing angle to achieve parallax of movement without increased display bandwidth. Figure 34 is a schematic diagram showing how the stereoscopic visualization of multiple viewers can be provided using detectors to locate the position of the eyes and thereby substantially synchronize lighting LEDs for the left and right eye views. Figure 34 includes a device 3410, a first viewer 3420 and a second viewer 3430. As illustrated in Figure 34, device 3410 can be in a location with at least one first viewer 3420 and a second viewer 3430 viewing device 3410. In that example, a CCD camera, which can be located on the 3410 device, can locate the eye positions of the 3420 and 3430 viewers. Continuing the example in Figure 34, a controller can then control the lighting LEDs on the 3410 device to provide the left eye view through the optical valve in particular directions for the left eye of the first 3420 viewer and the left eye of the second 3430 viewer. In addition, the right eye view can be provided via the optical valve in another particular direction for the eye right of the first 3420 viewer and the right eye of the second 3430 viewer. Although only two viewers are am included in Figure 34, more viewers can view the 3410 device and two viewers were used for discussion purposes only and not for limitation.
Although the described system modalities have taken on a portable mobile platform, such examples should not be considered as limiting. This controlled lighting approach can apply to similar large and small LCD platforms, including laptop computers, television applications, and so on.
As used in this document, the terms "substantially" and "approximately" provide an accepted tolerance by the industry for its corresponding term and / or relativity between items. Such tolerance accepted by the industry varies from less than one per cent to ten percent and corresponds to, but without limitation, component values, angles, etc. Such relativity between items ranges from less than one percent to ten percent
Although several modalities in accordance with the principles revealed in this document have been described above, it should be understood that they were presented by way of example only and not limitation. Thus, the breadth and scope of the modality (s) must not be limited by any of the exemplary modalities described above, but must be defined only in accordance with any claims and their equivalents issued from this disclosure. In addition, the above advantages and resources are provided in the modalities described, but should not limit the application of such claims issued to processes and structures that realize any or all of the above advantages.
In addition, the section headings in this document are provided for consistency with the suggestions under 37 CFR 1.77 or otherwise to provide organizational tips. These headings should not limit or characterize the invention (s) defined in any claims that may be issued from this disclosure. Specifically and by way of example, although the headings refer to a "Field of the Technique", the claims should not be limited by the language chosen under that heading to describe the so-called field. Furthermore, a description of a technology in the "Background" should not be interpreted as an admission that a certain technology is a technique prior to any (any) modality (s) in this disclosure. Neither the "Summary" should be considered as a characterization of the modality (s) defined in the issued claims. Ademias, any reference in this revelation to the "invention" in the singular should not be used to argue that there is only a single point of innovation in this revelation. Multiple modalities can be defined according to the limitations of the multiple claims that are issued from this disclosure and such claims consequently define the modality (s) and their equivalents that are protected therewith. In all instances, the scope of such claims must be considered on its own merits in light of this disclosure, but should not be restricted by the headings defined in this document.

权利要求:
Claims (20)
[0001]
1. Light valve to guide light CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises: a first end at which the light provided by an arrangement of lighting elements can enter the light valve and propagate in a first direction; a second end which is a reflective surface arranged to redirect the propagation of light in said first direction to propagate in a second direction back to the first end, where the second end is a curved, concave, reflective surface or a Fresnel equivalent of a curved, concave reflective surface; a first light guide surface extending between the first and second ends, wherein the first light guide surface is substantially flat; and a second light guide surface extending between the first and second ends, opposite the first light guide surface, which further comprises a plurality of guide resources and a plurality of elongated extraction resources which are curved along the direction in which they are elongated, in which the extraction resources and the guide resources are connected and alternate with each other respectively, additionally in which the plurality of extraction resources allows the light to pass with substantially less loss when the light is spreading in a first direction , and allows the light to reflect or refract, and come out of the light valve when the light is spreading in a second direction, additionally, where the curvature of the extraction features along the direction in which the extraction features are elongated makes with the light of the plurality of lighting elements to be focused, in which the degree of curvature of the extraction resources is configured to cooperate with the curvatu of the final reflective end to direct the focused light to the respective viewing windows in the viewing plane.
[0002]
2. Light valve to guide the light, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it additionally comprises a first end, in which the light can enter the light valve and propagate in the first direction, and a second end which is a reflection surface arranged to redirect the propagation of light in a first direction to propagate in the second direction back to the first end.
[0003]
3. Light valve, according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the first end is thinner than the second end.
[0004]
4. Light valve according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the second end is a curved, concave reflection surface, a Fresnel equivalent of a concave curved reflection surface, or a reflection surface without optical power .
[0005]
5. Light valve according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the second light guide surface has a stepped structure comprising a plurality of elongated extraction resources, and the plurality of guide resources connecting the respective extraction resources.
[0006]
6. Light valve, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the extraction features allow light to leave the light valve through the first light guide surface.
[0007]
7. Light valve, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the light valve is arranged to direct light that enters the light valve from the lighting elements in viewing windows.
[0008]
8. Light valve, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the extraction resources focus substantially on the main rays of the optical system on a flat system.
[0009]
9. Optical valve system CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises: a plurality of lighting elements configured to provide light for the light valve; and a light valve comprising: a first end at which the light provided by the plurality of lighting elements can enter the light valve and propagate in a first direction; a second end which is a reflective surface arranged to redirect the propagation of light in said first direction to propagate in a second direction back to the first end, where the second end is a curved, concave, reflective surface or a Fresnel equivalent of a curved, concave reflective surface; a first light-guide surface extending between the first and second ends, wherein the first light-guiding surface is substantially flat; and a second light guide surface extending between the first and second ends, opposite the first light guide surface, which further comprises a plurality of guide resources and a plurality of elongated extraction resources that are curved along the direction in which they are located. they are elongated, in which the extraction resources and the guide resources are connected to and alternated with each other respectively, in which, in addition, a plurality of extraction resources allow the light to pass substantially without loss when the light is propagating in a first direction, and allow the light to reflect or refract, and come out of the light valve when the light is propagating in a second direction in which, in addition, the curvature of the extraction features along the direction in which the extraction features are elongated causes the light of the plurality of lighting elements is focused, in which the degree of curvature of the extraction resources is configured to cooperate with the curvature of the reflective end to direct the focused light to the respective viewing windows in the viewing plane.
[0010]
10. Optical valve system, according to claim 9, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the plurality of lighting elements are LEDs.
[0011]
11. Optical valve system, according to claim 9, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it also includes a Fresnel lens positioned to receive light from the first light guide surface of the light valve.
[0012]
12. Optical valve system, according to claim 9, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it also comprises a vertical diffuser positioned to receive light from the first light guide surface of the light valve.
[0013]
13. Optical valve system according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the vertical diffuser additionally comprises an asymmetric diffusion surface.
[0014]
14. Optical valve system according to claim 9, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it additionally comprises a first end, in which the light can enter the light valve and propagate in the first direction, and a second end which is a surface of reflection arranged to redirect the propagation of light in a first direction to propagate in the second direction back to the first end, where the second end is a curved, concave reflection surface, a Fresnel equivalent of a concave curved reflection surface, or a reflection surface without optical power.
[0015]
15. Optical viewfinder CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises: an optical valve system comprising a light valve comprising: a first end on which the light provided by a plurality of lighting elements can enter the light valve and propagate in a first direction; a second end which is a reflective surface arranged to redirect the propagation of light in said first direction to propagate in a second direction back to the first end, where the second end is a curved, concave, reflective surface or a Fresnel equivalent of a curved, concave reflective surface; a first light-guiding surface extending between the first and second ends, wherein the first light-guiding surface is substantially flat; and a second light guide surface extending between the first and second ends, opposite the first light guide surface, which further comprises a plurality of guide resources and a plurality of elongated extraction resources that are curved along the direction in which they are elongated, in which the extraction resources and the guide resources are connected to, and alternated with each other, respectively, in which, in addition, the plurality of extraction resources allows the light to pass substantially without loss when the light is propagating in a first direction and allows light to reflect or refract, and come out of the light valve when the light is spreading in a second direction; and in which additionally the curvature of the extraction features along the direction in which the extraction features are elongated causes the light of the plurality of lighting elements to be focused, in which the degree of curvature of the extraction features is configured to cooperate with the curvature of the reflective end to direct the focused light to the respective viewing windows in the viewing plane; and a spatial transmissive light modulator arranged to be illuminated by the optical valve system; and an illuminating controller for determining an adjustment to illuminate the lighting elements.
[0016]
16. Optical display, according to claim 15, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the plurality of lighting elements is an addressable array of LEDs.
[0017]
17. Optical viewfinder, according to claim 15, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it also comprises a sensor to detect an observer's position in the vicinity of viewing windows of the optical valve.
[0018]
18. Optical viewfinder, according to claim 17, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the illuminator controller determines the setting to illuminate the lighting elements depending on the position of the observer detected by the sensor.
[0019]
19. Optical display, according to claim 15, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it is a self-stereoscopic observer tracking display in which the setting determines a first stage of illumination for a first set of illuminating elements that corresponds to a first viewing window and the setting determines a second stage of illumination for a second set of illuminating elements corresponding to a second viewing window.
[0020]
20. Optical viewfinder, according to claim 19, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the first lighting phase corresponds to a left eye image in a viewfinder and the second lighting phase corresponds to a right eye image in the viewfinder.

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CA2817044A1|2012-05-24|

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EP2641121B1|2019-04-10|

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JP2014504427A|2014-02-20|

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RU165605U1|2016-10-27|

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WO2012068532A2|2012-05-24|

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EP3557310A1|2019-10-23|

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US20120127573A1|2012-05-24|

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JP2017225125A|2017-12-21|

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CA2817044C|2017-10-17|

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JP6166180B2|2017-07-19|

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SG190160A1|2013-06-28|

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EP2641121A4|2015-01-14|

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WO2012068532A3|2012-08-16|

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KR20140004102A|2014-01-10|

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US20170160554A1|2017-06-08|

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SG10201509246QA|2015-12-30|

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KR20170103986A|2017-09-13|

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US10473947B2|2019-11-12|

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AU2011329639A1|2013-05-02|

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JP6524146B2|2019-06-05|

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EP2641121A2|2013-09-25|

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CN108681087A|2018-10-19|

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法律状态:
2018-05-08| B25A| Requested transfer of rights approved|Owner name: REALD SPARK, LLC (US) |

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2018-12-18| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2019-10-22| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2020-11-10| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-01-19| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 18/11/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US41581010P| true| 2010-11-19|2010-11-19|

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US61/415,810|2010-11-19|

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PCT/US2011/061511|WO2012068532A2|2010-11-19|2011-11-18|Directional flat illuminators|

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US13/300,293|2011-11-18|

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US13/300,293|US9519153B2|2010-11-19|2011-11-18|Directional flat illuminators|

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